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Thoracentesis

Patients with pleural mesothelioma are subject to a variety of symptoms that are often painful and difficult to endure. One of those symptoms is pleural effusion, a buildup of fluid in the pleural space. Pleural effusion can cause severe chest pain, difficulty breathing and a dry cough. The effusion is especially noticeable when the patient is in a reclining position. The most common way to address pleural effusion is through the use of a procedure known as a thoracentesis.

What is a Thoracentesis?

During a thoracentesis, a long, thin needle is inserted into the pleural space and the fluid is withdrawn by a syringe. Because a thoracentesis can also be used as a diagnostic procedure, the amount of fluid removed will depend on how the procedure is being used. If it is a diagnostic test, only the amount needed for testing will be drained. If it is being used as a palliative measure, the doctor will remove as much fluid as possible so that the patient can breathe more easily.

What to Expect During a Thoracentesis

Prior to undergoing a thoracentesis, your doctor may order a chest X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan, which can show where the fluid is located. This imaging allows the doctor to determine the right place to insert the needle. The procedure can be performed in a doctor’s office, but it is sometimes best accomplished in a hospital setting, depending on the condition of the patient.

During a thoracentesis, the patient sits on the edge of a chair and leans on a table, resting his/her arms on the tabletop. The doctor will clean and numb the area and then insert the needle in a spot between the ribs. Some pressure may be felt at this time. The fluid is then withdrawn, the needle removed, and the location covered with a small bandage. Many patients note they can immediately notice an improvement in their ability to breathe.

Your doctor may ask you to remain in his office or at the hospital for a few hours in case of any complications, which are rare. After returning home, the patient is advised to relax for the next 24 hours or more. It is essential to follow the doctor’s instructions so that complications do not occur. These complications may include bleeding, infection or pneumothorax, which is the collapse of the affected lung.

Sources:

1. http://www.webmd.com/lung/thoracentesis
2. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003420.htm